Departamento de História

O 5º centenário do começo simbólico da Reforma protestante (a afixação das 95 teses de Martinho Lutero na porta da capela palatina de Wittenberg) ficou marcado por uma profusão de manifestações culturais, desde a Alemanha aos Estados Unidos, passando pela Suécia, Austrália e diversos outros países, um pouco por todo o mundo. De entre as numerosas exposições motivadas pela efeméride, foi em solo americano que surgiram as mais importantes, no que se refere à conjuntura e ao impacto artístico deste poderoso movimento, que cindiu a Igreja e contribuíu poderosamente para conformar a Idade Moderna. Referirei as quatro mais significativas:

The evolution of Archaeology in Portugal in the last century caused great and profound changes in a legislative, institutional and professional level. In this text we try to present its evolution, as will check a few times was positive, others, not so much…

The Anta Grande do Zambujeiro dolmen is located in the
municipality of Évora (Portugal) and was identified by
Henrique Leonor Pina in March 1964 and was still, at that
time, completely covered by the tumulus. Its belated
discovery could have dictated one blissful archaeological
research but unfortunately this was not the fate of that
which is, on this type of architecture, the largest funerary
known monument of the Iberian Peninsula.
In thirty years of subsequent research there were several
excavation campaigns, coordinated by different
researchers. The 1st phase took place between 1965 and
1 Investigador do CHAIA. Mestrando do 2º Ciclo de Arqueologia e
Ambiente/ Universidade de Évora
2 Investigadora do CHAIA. Docente/ Escola de Ciências Sociais -
Universidade de Évora
1969, the 2nd phase took place in the 80s of the twentieth
century, under the responsibility of Carlos Tavares da
Silva and the 3rd and final phase took place between the
years of 1991 and 1994, now under the responsibility of
Rui Parreira.
The numerous materials collected in these interventions
are still virtually unknown, since the results of these
studies were, to this date, only partially published.
The artefacts deposited in the Museum of Évora are
currently under study by one of the signatories of this
work (LR) and by Professor Victor Gonçalves (the latter
in charge of the study of slate plaques).
We present here only the result of the preliminary study
of the arrowheads, made on the context of a Grant of
Introduction to Research performed by the other
signatory (I.S.).

Of the hundreds of funerary megalithic monuments
registered in Alentejo, of different sizes and types, one
stands out by its monumentality: the Anta Grande do
Zambujeiro.
In recent years we have undertaken a project to study the
archaeological materials (with exception of schist plates)
this megalithic funerary monuments identified in the sixties
of the 20th century, by Henry Leonor Pina.
The various interventions in this monument, by different
investigators, eventually ever being fully published getting
the spoils deposited in the Museum of Évora.
Wanted of this work was to present a summary of existing
ceramic although part of the collection is not yet in a
position to be treated.

The dolmen Monte Velho 1 (Monforte, Portugal) is
integrated in megalithic tour guide created by the
municipality Monforte, and is the first in a séries of four
monuments (one menhir and three dolmens) to be
excavated under the project " Archaeological Map of
Monforte ", the scientific responsibility of the signatory .
The work done in the last two years (2011 and 2012) were
aimed at excavation of the monument and evaluating the
extent of damage caused by violations and acts of
vandalism perpetrated in unknown date.
The monument had a completely damaged chamber
having its archaeological level completely removed. This
could also be noticed in part of the corridor (near the
camera) where prehistoric materials appeared mixed with
other more recent chronology.
Compared to the architecture, we can see that it was a
monument with a singularity since the runner, unlike the
applicant in other monuments in the region presents a
misaligned with the axis of the runner chamber.