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Fernanda Olival
  • CIDEHUS
    Universidade de Évora
    Palácio do Vimioso
    7002-554 ÉVORA
Research Interests:
... David Torra, Lax Grdanas M1'If£ar'esy Mai"-raa-cos, Totuao, Ed. ... na Coustruoao do Muudo Ocidontal daa ordous militaros do Chr.°, do Santiago, daviz ou outros bous das ordons nao... more
... David Torra, Lax Grdanas M1'If£ar'esy Mai"-raa-cos, Totuao, Ed. ... na Coustruoao do Muudo Ocidontal daa ordous militaros do Chr.°, do Santiago, daviz ou outros bous das ordons nao passassom dos pals aos filhos o auulou quaisquor promossas quo El Ray oorno porpotuo ...
RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza las juntas de reforma de las Órdenes Militares portuguesas bajo Felipe II y Felipe III con el fin de saber de qué modo la unión ibérica facilitó la comparación de las distintas órdenes peninsulares por parte... more
RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza las juntas de reforma de las Órdenes Militares portuguesas bajo Felipe II y Felipe III con el fin de saber de qué modo la unión ibérica facilitó la comparación de las distintas órdenes peninsulares por parte de las portuguesas, y cómo éstas ...
CLERO E FAMÍLIA: OS NOTÁRIOS E COMISSÁRIOS DO SANTO OFÍCIO NO SUL DE PORTUGAL (O CASO DE BEJA NA PRIMEIRA METADE DO SÉCULO XVIII) 1 Fernanda Olival Departamento de História–Universidade de Évora; CIDEHUS 1Com os dados estatísticos... more
CLERO E FAMÍLIA: OS NOTÁRIOS E COMISSÁRIOS DO SANTO OFÍCIO NO SUL DE PORTUGAL (O CASO DE BEJA NA PRIMEIRA METADE DO SÉCULO XVIII) 1 Fernanda Olival Departamento de História–Universidade de Évora; CIDEHUS 1Com os dados estatísticos disponíveis, ...
Es ésta una obra verdaderamente colectiva, tanto en su planteamiento como en su ejecución. Se ha nutrido del trabajo, la reflexión y las sugerencias del conjunto de un amplio grupo no formalmente instituido de historiadores de... more
Es ésta una obra verdaderamente colectiva, tanto en su planteamiento como en su ejecución. Se ha nutrido del trabajo, la reflexión y las sugerencias del conjunto de un amplio grupo no formalmente instituido de historiadores de universidades italianas, españolas y ...
The historiography written about Portugal has been particularly productive over the last three decades. There has also been no shortage of histories of Portugal attempting to produce syntheses, some more analytical, others less so, and... more
The historiography written about Portugal has been particularly productive over the last three decades. There has also been no shortage of histories of Portugal attempting to produce syntheses, some more analytical, others less so, and almost all of them published in ...
UNTIL 1789 ALL THREE PORTUGUESE MILITARY ORDERS (Avis, Christ, and Santiago) had only one kind of lay member: the knight. Although they still kept vows of poverty, chastity and obedience well into the final stages of the eighteenth... more
UNTIL 1789 ALL THREE PORTUGUESE MILITARY ORDERS (Avis, Christ, and Santiago) had only one kind of lay member: the knight. Although they still kept vows of poverty, chastity and obedience well into the final stages of the eighteenth century, little or nothing set them ...
The 16th century was a period of notable and far-reaching change within the Military Orders, which decisively marked their evolution over the following two centuries: between the reign of Manuel, at the same time sovereign and the... more
The 16th century was a period of notable and far-reaching change within the Military Orders, which decisively marked their evolution over the following two centuries: between the reign of Manuel, at the same time sovereign and the administrator of the Order of Christ, and the ...
A Autora questiona a ideia dominante da existência de diminuta venalidade em Portugal. Salienta que desde o século XVI, mas sobretudo nos séculos XVII e XVIII, houve não só venda de ofícios e tenças, como ainda venda de serviços (anos de... more
A Autora questiona a ideia dominante da existência de diminuta venalidade em Portugal. Salienta que desde o século XVI, mas sobretudo nos séculos XVII e XVIII, houve não só venda de ofícios e tenças, como ainda venda de serviços (anos de serviço), bem como venda de honras, como era o caso das mercês de hábitos das Ordens Militares
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Análise das implicações sociais, institucionais e políticas da cultura da habilitação que se consolida na Península Ibérica neste período e que é transportada para as sociedades dos impérios hispânicos, onde sofre pequenos ajustes
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Historial do conflito que desde 2014 afeta os investigadores portugueses no ANTT. De que formas o problema da conservação radical perturba o trabalho do historiador e a validade do conhecimento que este produz.
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The Military Orders and the Portuguese Expansion (15th to 17th Centuries), a new book by Fernanda Olival, deconstructs the hitherto dominant thesis of a major involvement by the Portuguese Military Orders in the unfolding of the... more
The Military Orders and the Portuguese Expansion (15th to 17th Centuries), a new book by Fernanda Olival, deconstructs the hitherto dominant thesis of a major involvement by the Portuguese Military Orders in the unfolding of the Portuguese Expansion to North Africa and across the seas. In fact, from the fifteenth century onward these rich institutions typically refused to wage war as corporate entities, despite appeals to this effect by kings and popes. The author shows that the patronage of the Order of Christ over ecclesiastical appointments across a vast swath of the globe resulted from a circumstantial interplay of Portuguese diplomatic interests, and was not very effective even during the peak period of 1456−1514. The creation of the bishopric of Funchal (1514), which served as a model for other Portuguese overseas bishoprics, marked a rupture and transformed the emergent pattern associated with the Order of Christ into a very limited presence. In the sixteenth century, when overseas bishops were authorized to appoint clerics, this did not mean that clergy born in colonial areas enjoyed expanded access to vicarial posts. Their struggle over appointments was intense, began in 1513, and endured into the eighteenth century. The patronage of the Order of Christ was only maintained because the kings, as Masters of the Order from 1495 onward, had a keen interest in overseas tithes. Such funds namely covered many expenses other than strictly ecclesiastical ones. With the end of Portuguese maritime protectionism (mare clausum policy), the Iberian patronage mechanism faced vigorous competition from missionaries sent out by the Roman Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide (a congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for missionary work). Such competition paradoxically helped to preserve the Portuguese pattern of ecclesiastical patronage, characterized by a continued nominal involvement of the Order of Christ. //

Le nouvel ouvrage de Fernanda Olival, The Military Orders and the Portuguese Expansion (15th to 17th Centuries), déconstruit la thèse jusqu'alors bien répandue que les Ordres militaires et religieux portugais ont joué un rôle clé dans l'expansion portugaise en Afrique du Nord et outre-mer. En fait, à partir du XVe siècle, ces institutions bien dotées refusèrent en général de faire la guerre en tant que corporations, malgré des appels lancés à cet effet par les rois et les papes. L'auteur montre que le patronage (padroado) de l'Ordre du Christ quant aux nominations ecclésiastiques dans un vaste espace géographique résultait d'un jeu circonstanciel d'intérêts diplomatiques portugais. Ce patronage n'était pas très efficace même à l'époque de son apogée, de 1456 à 1514. La création de l'évêché de Funchal (1514), qui servit de modèle à d'autres évêchés portugais d'outre-mer, marqua une rupture. Le modèle émergent lié à l'Ordre du Christ se mua en une présence et emprise bien limitées. Lorsque les évêques d'outre-mer furent autorisés à nommer et investir des religieux au XVIe siècle, ceci n'impliquait pas que les membres du clergé nés dans les zones coloniales bénéficiaient ipso facto d'un accès élargi aux postes de vicariat. Leur lutte pour nominations fut intense; commençant en 1513, elle se poursuivit jusqu'au XVIIIe siècle. Le patronage de l'Ordre du Christ ne fut maintenu que parce que les rois du Portugal, en tant que Maîtres de l'Ordre à partir de 1495, s'intéressaient vivement aux dîmes d'outre-mer. Ces fonds couvraient notamment de nombreuses dépenses autres que celles d'un ordre strictement religieux. Avec la fin du protectionnisme maritime portugais (la politique de mare clausum), les mécanismes du patronage ibérique connurent une vive concurrence de la part des missionnaires envoyés par Rome et la Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide (une congrégation de la Curie romaine chargée de l'œuvre missionnaire). Paradoxalement, cette concurrence contribua à maintenir le patronage ecclésiastique portugais, caractérisé par un rôle nominal continu de l'Ordre du Christ.